-
1 атомный спектральный анализ
1) Metrology: atomic spectral analysis2) Makarov: atomic spectrum analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомный спектральный анализ
-
2 атомно-абсорбционный спектральный анализ
Русско-английский физический словарь > атомно-абсорбционный спектральный анализ
-
3 атомно-эмиссионный спектральный анализ
Русско-английский физический словарь > атомно-эмиссионный спектральный анализ
-
4 espectrometría
f.spectral analysis, spectrometry.* * *SF spectrometry* * *= spectrometry.Ex. The great importance of standardizing wavelengths in the field of spectrometry should be stressed.----* espectrometría atómica = atomic spectrometry.* espectrometría de masas = mass spectrometry.* espectrometría molecular = molecular spectrometry.* * *= spectrometry.Ex: The great importance of standardizing wavelengths in the field of spectrometry should be stressed.
* espectrometría atómica = atomic spectrometry.* espectrometría de masas = mass spectrometry.* espectrometría molecular = molecular spectrometry.* * *spectrometry -
5 атомно-абсорбционный спектральный анализ
Makarov: atomic absorption spectral analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомно-абсорбционный спектральный анализ
-
6 атомно-эмиссионный спектральный анализ
Makarov: atomic emission spectral analysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > атомно-эмиссионный спектральный анализ
-
7 Crookes, Sir William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 17 June 1832 London, Englandd. 4 April 1919 London, England[br]English chemist and physicist who carried out studies of electrical discharges and cathode rays in rarefied gases, leading to the development of the cathode ray tube; discoverer of the element thallium and the principle of the Crookes radiometer.[br]Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15, and from 1850 to 1854 held the appointment of Assistant at the college. In 1854 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. He moved to a post at the College of Science in Chester the following year. Soon after this he inherited a large fortune and set up his own private laboratory in London. There he studied the nature of electrical discharges in gases at low pressure and discovered the dark space (later named after him) that surrounds the negative electrode, or cathode. He also established that the rays produced in the process (subsequently shown by J.J.Thompson to be a stream of electrons) not only travelled in straight lines, but were also capable of producing heat and/or light upon impact with suitable anode materials. Using a variety of new methods to investigate these "cathode" rays, he applied them to the spectral analysis of compounds of selenium and, as a result, in 1861 he discovered the element thallium, finally establishing its atomic weight in 1873. Following his discovery of thallium, he became involved in two main lines of research: the properties of rarified gases, and the investigation of the elements of the "rare earths". It was also during these experiments that he discovered the principle of the Crookes radiometer, a device in which light is converted into rotational motion and which used to be found frequently in the shop windows of English opticians. Also among the fruits of this work were the Crookes tubes and the development of spectacle lenses with differential ranges of radiational absorption. In the 1870s he became interested in spiritualism and acquired a reputation for his studies of psychic phenomena, but at the turn of the century he returned to traditional scientific investigations. In 1892 he wrote about the possibility of wireless telegraphy. His work in the field of radioactivity led to the invention of the spinthariscope, an early type of detector of alpha particles. In 1900 he undertook investigations into uranium which led to the study of scintillation, an important tool in the study of radioactivity.While the theoretical basis of his work has not stood the test of time, his material discoveries, observations and investigations of new facts formed a basis on which others such as J.J. Thomson were to develop subatomic theory. His later involvement in the investigation of spiritualism led to much criticism, but could be justified on the basis of a belief in the duty to investigate all phenomena.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1897. Order of Merit 1910. FRS 1863. President, Royal Society 1913–15. Honorary LLD Birmingham. Honorary DSc Oxon, Cambridge, Sheffield, Durham, Ireland and Cape of Good Hope.Bibliography1874, On Attraction and Repulsion Resulting from Radiation.1874, "Researches in the phenomenon of spiritualism", Society of Metaphysics; reprinted in facsimile, 1986.For many years he was also Proprietor and Editor of Chemical News.Further ReadingE.E.Fournier D'Albe, 1923, Life of Sir William Crookes. Who Was Who II, 1916–28, London: A. \& C. Black. T.I.Williams, 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists. See also Braun, Karl Ferdinand.KF / MG
См. также в других словарях:
Maximum entropy spectral analysis — (MaxEnt spectral analysis) is a method of improving spectral quality based on the principle of maximum entropy. It is simply the application of maximum entropy modeling to any type of spectrum and is used in all fields where data is presented in… … Wikipedia
Atomic emission spectroscopy — (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line gives… … Wikipedia
analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… … Universalium
Atomic orbital — The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. The colors show the wave function phase. These are graphs of ψ(x,y,z) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron. To see the elongated shape of ψ(x,y,z)2… … Wikipedia
Spectral line — Continuous spectrum Emission line … Wikipedia
Spectral theory — In mathematics, spectral theory is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix. The name was introduced by David Hilbert in his original formulation of Hilbert space theory, which was… … Wikipedia
Atomic absorption spectroscopy — In analytical chemistry, atomic absorption spectroscopy is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element in a sample.cite book |author=Sperling, Michael B.; Welz, Bernhard |title=Atomic Absorption Spectrometry… … Wikipedia
surface analysis — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the study of that part of a solid that is in contact with a gas or a vacuum. When two phases of matter are in contact, they form an interface. The term surface is usually… … Universalium
Spectrum analysis — also known as Emission Spectrochemical Analysis is the original scientific method of charting and analyzing the chemical properties of matter and gases by looking at the bands in their optical spectrum. The empirical laws of spectrum analysis are … Wikipedia
Numerical analysis — Babylonian clay tablet BC 7289 (c. 1800–1600 BC) with annotations. The approximation of the square root of 2 is four sexagesimal figures, which is about six decimal figures. 1 + 24/60 + 51/602 + 10/603 = 1.41421296...[1] Numerical analysis is the … Wikipedia
Spectroscopy — Analysis of white light by dispersing it with a prism is example of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy ( … Wikipedia